Convergent evolution in locomotory patterns of flying and swimming animals
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منابع مشابه
Convergent evolution in locomotory patterns of flying and swimming animals.
Locomotion is one of the major energetic costs faced by animals and various strategies have evolved to reduce its cost. Birds use interspersed periods of flapping and gliding to reduce the mechanical requirements of level flight while undergoing cyclical changes in flight altitude, known as undulating flight. Here we equipped free-ranging marine vertebrates with accelerometers and demonstrate t...
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Alternative patterns of neural activity drive different rhythmic locomotory patterns in both invertebrates and mammals. The neuro-molecular mechanisms responsible for the expression of rhythmic behavioral patterns are poorly understood. Here we show that Caenorhabditis elegans switches between distinct forms of locomotion, or crawling versus swimming, when transitioning between solid and liquid...
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although there are studies on pragmatic assessment, to date, literature has been almost silent about native and non-native english raters’ criteria for the assessment of efl learners’ pragmatic performance. focusing on this topic, this study pursued four purposes. the first one was to find criteria for rating the speech acts of apology and refusal in l2 by native and non-native english teachers...
15 صفحه اولLarge Eddy Simulation of Flows with Complex Moving Boundaries: Application to Flying and Swimming in Animals
Srinivas Ramakrishnan∗ Lingxiao Zheng† Rajat Mittal‡ Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering George Washington University, Washington, DC Fady Najjar§ Lawrence Livermore Laboratory, Livermore, California George V. Lauder¶ The Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA and Tyson L. Hedrick‖ Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill,NC-...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Nature Communications
سال: 2011
ISSN: 2041-1723
DOI: 10.1038/ncomms1350